Friday, September 13, 2024

Phoebe and the Spelling Bee by Barney Saltzberg

 PHOEBE and the Spelling Bee by Barney Saltzberg

    "Friday we will have our first spelling bee," announced Ms. Ravioli. "Here's a list of words you should know."
    I slid down in my chair. "I'm going to be sick on Friday," I whispered to Katie.
    "Don't be silly, Phoebe," said Katie. "Spelling is easy."
    "I'm allergic to spelling," I told her.
    "I'll help you," said Katie.

    We ate lunch together. Katie looked over the spelling list. "This will be a breeze!" she said.
    I drew dots all over my arm and started groaning, "Oooohhhh!"
    "What's the matter?" asked Katie.
    "I think I've got chicken pox!" I said.
    "Spell actor," said Katie.
    "A-k-d-o-r," I said.
    "That's what it sounds like," said Katie, "but it's spelled differently."
    She showed me the word on the spelling list. I saw that you could break the word into two parts--act and or.
    "If I could act or spell, I'd act!" I said. "A-c-t-o-r!"
    "That's right!" said Katie.
    "Try spelling brontosaurus," said Katie.
    I dropped to the ground, holding my leg. "Oh, it's broken!" I cried. "A brontosaurus knocked me over, and I broke my leg!"
    "I'm waiting!" said Katie.
    "Race you to class backward," I shouted, and then I ran inside.
    That night Katie called me to find out how I was doing with my spelling list.
    "Great!" I said.
    I was folding the spelling list into a paper airplane.
    The next morning Ms. Ravioli asked how many students had been studying for the spelling bee.
    Everyone raised their hand. Except me. I was under the table, studying my shoes.
    "Phoebe," said Ms. Ravioli, "have you looked at your spelling list?"
    I sat up in my chair. "Once there was an actor who played a brontosaurus."
    Everybody laughed. I sank in my chair.
    "Settle down, class," said Ms. Ravioli. "It sounds like Phoebe has an unusual way of learning her words."
    I looked at Katie's spelling list on our way home.
    "Try spelling graceful," she said.
    "The actor who played a brontosaurus was graceful!" I said.
    "You're great at making up stories," said Katie. "But the spelling bee is in three days!"
    "I know," I said. Then I ran to get some ice cream.
    I knew I had better study or I would really embarrass myself at the spelling bee.
    I found my spelling list on my bedroom floor, still folded into an airplane.
    "If I can fly this into the trash can on the first try," I thought, "I'll be the winner of the spelling bee."
    The plane flew under a chair. "That was just a warm-up."
    The plane flew into the wall. "Didn't count."
    I stood on a chair and dropped the airplane into the trash.
    "Yes!"
    I had a victory celebration and danced around my room.
    Then my father told me it was time to go to bed.
    The next morning Ms. Ravoli said we would have a mock spelling bee.
    I decided it was time to get sick.
    "Ooooh!" I moaned.
    "What seems to be the problem?" asked Ms. Ravioli.
    "I ate too many pieces of pizza with pineapple last night," I said. "I feel sick."
    "I think a visit to the nurse's office would be a good idea," said Ms. Ravioli.
    "You haven't studied at all, have you?" whispered Katie.
    "Yes I have!" I said.
    I dragged my feet to the nurse's office. Now my stomach really did feel awful.
    I had never lied to Katie before.
    When I got back from the nurse's office, Katie handed me a note. It said:

YOU DIDN'T STUDY AND YOU DIDN'T HAVE A STOMACHACHE AND REAL FRIENDS TELL EACH OTHER THE TRUTH!

    I didn't speak to Katie for the rest of the day.
    That night I felt terrible. I hadn't been honest with my best friend, and I wasn't ready for the spelling bee.
    I looked at my spelling list.
    The first word I learned was method. I thought of a caveman saying his name, "Me, Thod."
    I learned telephone by thinking of a phone, which you tell your friends things on. The second l in tell becomes an e.
    I even learned how to spell consonant. It was easy because I figured there were three parts, con, son, and ant.
    The next day was Friday. Spelling bee day.
    I brought Katie a tulip and said I was sorry for having lied.
    Ms. Ravioli explained the rules. I could feel my heart beating fast. What if I looked stupid in front of the whole class?
    I started to raise my hand to go to the nurse's office. I decided to have the flu.
    Katie wished me good luck. I was happy she was still talking to me. I put down my hand.
    I decided not to have the flu after all.
    During the spelling bee, Sheldon couldn't spell disaster. So he had to sit down.
    When Jorge couldn't spell telephone correctly, he asked to go to the bathroom.
    Marcia almost remembered how to spell consonant, but she forgot one of the ns.
    I had to spell Wednesday. I knew the word had three parts, all with three letters.
    I thought of a wedding day where chocolate chips were thrown instead of rice. Wed for wedding, nes for Nestle chocolate, and day!
    I spelled the word, W-e-d-n-e-s-d-a-y."
    "Nice job!" said Ms. Ravioli.
    Katie spelled her word perfectly.
    "N-a-t-u-r-a-l," she said.

    After a while there were only three of us still spelling, and then came brontosaurus. I tried sounding it out, "b-r-a-w-n-t-o-e-s-o-r-u-s."
    "That was a good try." said Ms. Ravioli, "but it's not the correct spelling."
    "The actor was a natural and very graceful," I said. The whole class was staring at me.
    "The a-c-t-o-r played a brontosaurus and met a caveman who said, 'Me, Thod,' which is how you break down the spelling of method. Thod asked the dinosaur if he heard about the volcano disaster. The dinosaur said no, but he wondered if Thod knew what a c-o-n-s-o-n-a-n-t was."
    I looked at Ms. Ravioli.
    "Please continue," she said.
    So I did. "Thod and the dinosaur heard a t-e-l-e-p-h-o-n-e ringing in a tree!"
    Katie smiled.
    "The call was a p-e-d-e-s-t-r-i-a-n who was jogging by, eating a piece of c-h-o-c-o-l-a-t-e." I told my class that a great way to remember hot to spell chocolate is to think of someone named Choco, who's late.
    "When Choco saw the brontosaurus, he screamed and ran the other way! The caveman and the dinosaur fell on the ground and laughed!"
    "That's the l-e-g-e-n-d of Thod and the brontosaurus. You can remember how to spell legend by thinking of your leg and end!"
    Everybody clapped when I finished. Even though I couldn't spell brontosaurus, I had used up all the words on my list to tell a story. Charlie couldn't spell brontosaurus either--but Katie could, so she won the spelling bee. She was great!
    Ms. Ravioli gave Katie a certificate that said CHAMPION SPELLER.
    I got a certificate, too, only mine said WONDERFUL IMAGINATION!

 

Wednesday, September 11, 2024

Grandfather's Journey

 Grandfather's Journey Written and Illustrated By Allen Say

My grandfather was a young man when he left his home in Japan and went to see the world.

He wore European clothes for the first time and began his journey on a steamship. The Pacific Ocean astonished him.

For three weeks he did not see land. When land finally appeared it was the New World.

He explored North America by train and riverboat, and often walked for days on end.

Deserts with rocks like enormous sculptures amazed him.

The endless farm fields reminded him of the ocean he had crossed.

Huge cities of factories and tall buildings bewildered and yet excited him.

He marveled at the towering mountains and rivers as clear as the sky.

He met many people along the way. He shook hands with black men and white men, with yellow men and red men.

The more he traveled, the more he longed to see new places, and never thought of returning home.

Of all the places he visited, he liked California best. He loved the strong sunlight there, the Sierra Mountains, the lonely seacoast.

After a time, he returned to his village in Japan to marry his childhood sweetheart. Then he brought his bride to the new country.

They made their home by the San Francisco Bay and had a baby girl.

As his daughter grew, my grandfather began to think about his own childhood. He thought about his old friends.

He remembered the mountains and rivers of his home. He surrounded himself with songbirds, but he could not forget.

Finally, when his daughter was nearly grown, he could wait no more. He took his family and returned to his homeland.

Once again he saw the mountains and rivers of his childhood. They were just as he had remembered them.

Once again he exchanged stories and laughed with his old friends.

but the village was not a place for a daughter from San Francisco. So my grandfather bought a house in a large city nearby.

There, the young woman fell in love, married, and sometime later I was born.

When I was a small boy, my favorite weekend was a visit to my grandfather's house. he told me many stories about California.

He raised warblers and silvereyes, but he could not forget the mountains and rivers of California. So he planned a trip.

But a war began. Bombs fell from the sky and scattered our lives like leaves in a storm.

When the war ended, there was nothing left of the city and of the houses where my grandparents had lived.

So they returned to the village where they had been children. But my grandfather never kept another songbird.

The last time I saw him, my grandfather said that he longed to see California one more time. He never did.

And when I was nearly grown, I left home and went to see California for myself.

After a time, I came to love the land my grandfather had loved, and I stayed on and on until I had a daughter of my own.

But I also miss the mountains and rivers of my childhood. I miss my old friends. So I return now and then, when I can not still the longing in my heart.

The funny thing is, the moment I am in one country, I am homesick for the other.

I think I know my grandfather now. I miss him very much.

Rain Forests: Nature's Friends

 Rain Forests: Nature's Friends

    There are two kinds of rain forests. One kind is a tropical rain forest. Tropical rain forests are in warm places the other kind is a temperate rain forest. Temperate rain forests are in cooler places.
    Rain forests are thick with trees. They are also wet places. It is always raining in a rain forest. Lots of plants and animals live in rain forests.
    Rain forests have four zones, or layers. The top layer is the tops of giant trees. It is called the emergent zone. Birds and insects live there. The next zone is called the canopy. It is the upper part of the trees. Many kinds of animals live in the canopy. The understory is the next zone. It is the lower layer of the forest that has a lot of plants and small animals. It is dark and cool. The last zone is the forest floor. Insects and large animals live there.
    Rain forests are important to the world. Rain forest plants make a lot of the earth's oxygen. They also take carbon dioxide out of the air and store it in their roots. This helps to keep the earth cooler. Rain forest plants are used to make medicine. These drugs help people fight diseases. Rain forests also clean and recycle water for the earth.
    Rain forests are in danger. People are cutting down trees in rain forests to make wood and paper. Rain forests need our help. We must ask people to stop cutting down rain forest trees.

The Ransom of Red Chief By O. Henry

 The Ransom of Red Cheif
By O. Henry

It looked like a good thing: but wait till I tell you. We were down South, in Alabama--Bill Driscoll and myself--when this kidnapping idea struck us. It was, as Bill afterward expressed it, "during a moment of temporary mental apparition;"(1) but we didn't find that out till later.

There was a town down there, as flat as a flannel-cake, and called Summit, of course. It contained inhabitants of as undeleterious(2) and self-satisfied a class of peasantry as ever clustered around a Maypole.

Bill and me had a joint capital of about six hundred dollars, and we needed just two thousand dollars more to pull off a fraudulent town-lot scheme in Western Illinois with. We talked it over on the front steps of the hotel. Philoprogenitiveness,(3) says we, is strong in semi-rural communities; therefore and for other reasons; a kidnapping project ought to do better there in the radius of newspapers that send reporters out in plain clothes to stir up talk about such things. We knew that Summit couldn't get after us with anything stronger than constables and maybe some lackadaisical bloodhounds and a diatribe(4) or two in the Weekly Farmers' Budget. So, it looked good.

We selected for our victim the only child of a prominent citizen named Ebenezer Dorset. The father was respectable and tight, a mortgage fancier and a stern, upright collection plate passer and forecloser. The kid was a boy of ten, with bas-relief freckles, and hair the color of the cover of the magazine you buy at the news-stand when you want to catch a train. Bill and me figured that Ebenezer would melt down for a ransom of two thousand dollars to a cent. But wait till I tell you.

About two miles from Summit was a little mountain, covered with a dense cedar brake. On the rear elevation of this mountain was a cave. There we stored provisions. One evening after sundown, we drove in a buggy past old Dorset's house. The kid was in the street, throwing rocks at a kitten on the opposite fence.

"Hey, little boy!" says Bill, "Would you like to have a bag of candy and a nice ride?"

The boy catches Bill neatly in the eye with a piece of brick.

"That will cost the old man an extra five hundred dollars," says Bill, climbing over the wheel.

The boy put up a fight like a welter-weight cinnamon bear; but, at last, we got him down in the bottom of the buggy and drove away. We took him up to the cave and I hitched the horse in the cedar brake. After dark I drove the buggy to the little village, three miles away, where we had hired it, and walked back to the mountain.

Bill was pasting court-plaster(5) over the scratches and bruises on his features. There was a fire burning behind the big rock at the entrance of the cave, and the boy was watching a pot of boiling coffee, with two buzzard tail feathers stuck in his red hair. He points a stick at me when I come up, and says:

"Ha! cursed paleface, do you dare enter the camp of Red Chief, the terror of the plains?"

"He's all right now," says Bill, rolling up his trousers and examining some bruises on his shins. "We're playing Indian. We're making Buffalo Bill's show look like magic-lantern views(6) of Palestine in the town hall. I'm Old Hank, the Trapper, Red Chief's captive, and I'm to be scalped at daybreak. By Geronimo! that kid can kick hard."

Yes, sir, that boy seemed to be having the time of his life. The fun of camping out in a cave had made him forget that he was a captive himself. He immediately christened me Snake-eye, the Spy, and announced that, when his braves returned from the warpath, I was to be broiled at the stake at the rising of the sun.

Then we had supper; and he filled his mouth full of bacon and bread and gravy, and began to talk. He made a during-dinner speech something like this:

"I like this fine. I never camped out before; but I had a pet 'possum once, and I was nine last birthday. I hate to go to school. Rats ate up sixteen of Jimmy Talbot's aunt's speckled hen's eggs. Are there any real Indians in these woods? I want some more gravy. Does the trees moving make the wind blow? We had five puppies. What makes your nose so red, Hank? My father has lots of money. Are the stars hot? I whipped Ed Walker twice, Saturday. I don't like girls. You dassent catch toads unless with a string. Do oxen make any noise? Why are oranges round? Have you got beds to sleep on in this cave? Amos Murray has got six toes. A parrot can talk, but a monkey or a fish can't. How many does it take to make twelve?"

Every few minutes he would remember that he was a pesky redskin, and pick up his stick rifle and tiptoe to the mouth of the cave to rubber for the scouts of the hated paleface. Now and then he would let out a war-whoop that made Old Hank the Trapper shiver. That boy had Bill terrorized from the start.

"Red Chief," says I to the kid, "Would you like to go home?"

"Aw, what for?" says he. "I don't have any fun at home. I hate to go to school. I like to camp out. You won't take me back home again, Snake-eye, will you?"

"Not right away," says I. "We'll stay here in the cave a while."

"All right!" says he. "That'll be fine. I never had such fun in all my life."

We went to bed about eleven o'clock. We spread down some wide blankets and quilts and put Red Chief between us. We weren't afraid he'd run away. He kept us awake for three hours, jumping up and reaching for his rifle and screeching: "Hist! pard," in mine and Bill's ears, as the fancied crackle of a twig or the rustle of a leaf revealed to his young imagination the stealthy approach of the outlaw band. At last, I fell into a troubled sleep, and dreamed that I had been kidnapped and chained to a tree by a ferocious pirate with red hair.

Just at daybreak, I was awakened by a series of awful screams from Bill. They weren't yells, or howls, or shouts, or whoops, or yawps, such as you'd expect from a manly set of vocal organs--they were simply indecent, terrifying, humiliating screams, such as women emit when they see ghosts or caterpillars. It's an awful thing to hear a strong, desperate, fat man scream incontinently(7) in a cave at daybreak.

I jumped up to see what the matter was. Red Chief was sitting on Bill's chest, with one hand twined in Bill's hair. In the other he had the sharp case-knife we used for slicing bacon; and he was industriously and realistically trying to take Bill's scalp, according to the sentence that had been pronounced upon him the evening before.

I got the knife away from the kid and made him lie down again. But, from that moment, Bill's spirit was broken. He laid down on his side of the bed, but he never closed an eye again in sleep as long as that boy was with us. I dozed off for a while, but along toward sun-up I remembered that Red Chief has said I was to be burned at the stake at the rising of the sun. I wasn't nervous or afraid; but I sat up and lit my pipe and leaned against a rock.

"What you getting up so soon for, Sam?" asked Bill.

"Me?" says I. "Oh, I got a kind of a pain in my shoulder. I thought sitting up would rest it."

"You're a liar!" says Bill. "You're afraid. You was to be burned at sunrise, and you was afraid he'd do it. And he would, too, if he could find a match. Ain't it awful, Sam? Do you think anybody will pay out money to get a little imp like that back home?"

"Sure," said I. "A rowdy kid like that is just the kind that parents dote on. Now, you and the Chief get up and cook breakfast, while I go up on the top of this mountain and reconnoitre."(8)

I went on the peak of the little mountain and ran my eye over the contiguous(9) vicinity. Over toward Summit I expected to see the sturdy yeomanry of the village armed with scythes and pitchforks beating the countryside for the dastardly kidnappers. But what I saw was a peaceful landscape dotted with one man plowing with a mule. Nobody was dragging the creek; no couriers dashed hither and yon, bringing tidings of no news to the distracted parents. There was a sylvan attitude of somnolent(10) sleepiness pervading that section of the external outward surface of Alabama that lay exposed to my view. "Perhaps," says I to myself, "it has not yet been discovered that the wolves have borne away the tender lambkin from the fold. Heaven help the wolves!" says I, and I went down the mountain to breakfast.

When I got to the cave I found Bill backed up against the side of it, breathing hard, and the boy threatening to smash him with a rock half as big as a coconut.

"He put a red-hot boiled potato down my back," explained Bill, "and then mashed it with his foot; and I boxed his ears. Have you got a gun about you, Sam?"

I took the rock away from the boy and kind of patched up the argument. "I'll fix you," says the kid to Bill. "No man ever yet struck the Red Chief but what he got paid for it. You better beware!"

"What's he up to now?" says Bill, anxiously. "You don't think he'll run away, do you, Sam?"

"No fear of it," says I. "He don't seem to be much of a home body. But we've got to fix up some plan about the ransom. There don't seem to be much excitement around Summit on account of his disappearance; but maybe they haven't realized yet that he's gone. His folks may think he's spending the night with Aunt Jane or one of the neighbors. Anyhow, he'll be missed today. Tonight we must get a message to his father demanding the two thousand dollars for his return."

Just then we heard a kind of war-whoop, such as David might have emitted when he knocked out the champion Goliath. It was a sling that Red Chief had pulled out of his pocket, and he was whirling it around his head.

I dodged, and heard a heavy thud and a kind of a sigh from Bill, like a horse gives out when you take his saddle off. A rock the size of an egg had caught Bill just behind his left ear. He loosened himself all over and fell in the fire across the frying pan of hot water for washing the dishes. I dragged him out and poured cold water on his head for half and hour.

By and by, Bill sits up and feels behind his ear and says: "Sam, do you know who my favorite Biblical character is?"

"Take it easy," says I. "You'll come to your senses presently."

"King Herod," says he. "You won't go away and leave me here alone, will you, Sam?"

I went out and caught that boy and shook him until his freckles rattled.

"If you don't behave," says I, "I'll take you straight home. Now, are you going to be good, or not?"

"I was only funning," says he sullenly. "I didn't mean to hurt Old Hank. But what did he hit me for? I'll behave, Snake-eye, If you won't send me home, and if you'll let me play the Black Scout today."

"I don't know the game," says I. "That's for you and Mr. Bill to decide. He's your playmate for the day. I'm going away for a while on business. Now, you come in and make friends with him and say you are sorry for hurting him, or home you go, at once."

I made him and Bill shake hands, and then I took Bill aside and told him I was going to Poplar Cove, a little village three miles from the cave, and find out what I could about how the kidnapping had been regarded in Summit. Also, I thought it best to send a peremptory(11) letter to old man Dorset, demanding the ransom and dictating how it should be paid.

"You know, Sam," says Bill, "I've stood by you without batting an eye in earthquakes, fire and flood--in poker games, dynamite outrages, police raids, train robberies and cyclones. I never lost my nerve yet till we kidnapped that two-legged skyrocket of a kid. He's got me going. You won't leave me long with him, will you, Sam?"

"I'll be back some time this afternoon," says I. "You must keep the boy amused and quiet till I return. And now we'll write the letter to old Dorset."

Bill and I got paper and pencil and worked on the letter while Red Chief, with a blanket wrapped around him, strutted up and down, guarding the mouth of the cave. Bill begged me tearfully to make the ransom fifteen hundred dollars instead of two thousand. "I ain't attempting," says he, "to decry the celebrated moral aspect of parental affection. but we're dealing with humans, and it ain't human for anybody to give up two thousand dollars for that forty-pound chunk of freckled wildcat. I'm willing to take a chance at fifteen hundred dollars. You can charge the difference up to me."

So, to relieve Bill, I acceded(12), and we collaborated a letter that ran this way:

Ebenezer Dorset, Esq.:

We have your boy concealed in a place far from Summit. It is useless for you or the most skilful detectives to attempt to find him. Absolutely, the only terms on which you can have him restored to you are these: We demand fifteen hundred dollars in large bills for his return; the money to be left at midnight tonight at the same spot and in the same box as your reply--as hereinafter described. If you agree to these terms, send your answer in writing by a solitary messenger tonight at half-past eight o'clock. After crossing Owl Creek, on the road to Poplar Cove, there are three large trees about a hundred yards apart, close to the fence of the wheat field on the right-hand side. At the bottom of the fence-post, opposite the third tree, will be found a small pasteboard box.

 The messenger will place the answer in this box and return immediately to Summit.

If you attempt any treachery or fail to comply with our demand as stated, you will never see your boy again.

If you pay the money as demanded, he will be returned to you safe and well within three hours. These terms are final, and if you do not accede to them no further communication will be attempted.

TWO DESPERATE MEN.

I addressed this letter to Dorset, and put it in my pocket. As I was about to start, the kid comes up to me and says:

"Aw, Snake-eye, you said I could play the Black Scout while you was gone."

"Play it, of course," says I. "Mr. Bill will play with you. What kind of a game is it?" 

"I'm the Black Scout," says Red Chief, "and I have to ride to the stockade to warn the settlers that the Indians are coming. I'm tired of playing Indian myself. I want to be the Black Scout."

"All right," says I. "It sounds harmless to me. I guess Mr. Bill will help you foil the pesky savages."

"What am I to do?" asks Bill, looking at the kid suspiciously.

"You are the hoss," says Black Scout. "Get down on your hands and knees. How can I ride to the stockade without a hoss?"

"You'd better keep him interested," said I, "till we get the scheme going. Loosen up."

Bill gets down on his all fours, and a look comes in his eye like a rabbit's when you catch it in a trap.

"How far is it to the stockade, kid?" he asks, in a husky manner of voice.

"Ninety miles," says the Black Scout. "And you have to hump yourself to get there on time. Whoa, now!"

"For Heaven's sake," says Bill, "hurry back, Sam, as soon as you can. I wish we hadn't made the ransom more than a thousand. Say, you quit kicking me or I'll get up and warm you good."

I walked over to Poplar Cove and sat around the postoffice and store, talking with the chawbacons(13) that came in to trade. One whiskerando(14) says that he hears Summit is all upset on account of Elder Ebenezer Dorset's boy haing been lost or stolen. That was all I wanted to know. I bought some smoking tobacco, referred casually to the price of black-eyed peas, posted my letter surreptitiously(15) and came away. The postmaster said the mail-carrier would come by in an hour to take the mail on to Summit.

When I got back to the cave Bill and the boy were not to be found. I explored the vicinity of the cave, and risked a yodel or two, but there was no response.

So I lighted my pipe and sat down on a mossy bank to await developments.

In about half an hour I heard the bushes rustle, and Bill wabbled out into the little glade in front of the cave. Behind him was the kid, stepping softly like a scout, with a broad grin on his face. Bill stopped, took off his hat and wiped his face with a red handkerchief. The kid stopped about eight feet behind him.

"Sam," says Bill, "I suppose you'll think I'm a renegade, but I couldn't help it. I'm a grown person with masculine proclivities and habits of self-defense, but there is a time when all systems of egotism and predominance fail. The boy is gone. I have sent him home. All is off. There was martyrs in old times," goes on Bill, "that suffered death rather than give up the particular graft they enjoyed. None of 'em ever was subjugated to such supernatural tortures as I have been. I tried to be faithful to our articles of depredation; but there came a limit."

"What's the trouble, Bill?" I asks him.

"I was rode," says Bill, "the ninety miles to the stockade, not barring an inch. Then, when the settlers was rescued, I was given oats. Sand ain't a palatable substitute. And then, for an hour I had to try to explain to him why there was nothin' in holes, how a road can run both ways and what makes the grass green. I tell you, Sam, a human can only stand so much. I takes him by the neck of his clothes and drags him down the mountain. On the way he kicks my legs black-and-blue from the knees down; and I've got two or three bites on my thumb and hand cauterized.

"But he's gone"--continues Bill--"gone home. I showed him the road to Summit and kicked him about eight feet nearer there at one kick. I'm sorry we lose the ransom; but it was either that or Bill Driscoll to the madhouse."

Bill is puffing and blowing, but there is a look of ineffable peace and growing content on his rose-pink features.

"Bill," says I, "there isn't any heart disease in your family, is there?"

"No," says Bill, "Nothing chronic except malaria and accidents. Why?"

"Then you might turn around," says I, "and have a look behind you."

Bill turns and sees the boy, and loses this complexion and sits down plump on the round and begins to pluck aimlessly at grass and little sticks. For an hour I was afraid for his mind. And then I told him that my scheme was to put the whole job through immediately and that we would get the ransom and be off with it by midnight if old Dorset fell in with our proposition. So Bill braced up enough to give the kid a weak sort of a smile and a promise to play the Russian in a Japanese war with him as soon as he felt a little better.

I had a scheme for collecting that ransom without danger of being caught by counterplots that ought to commend itself to professional kidnappers. The tree under which the answer was to be left--and the money later on--was close to the road fence with big, bare fields on all sides. If a gang of constables should be watching for any one to come for the note they could see him a long way off crossing the fields or in the road. But no, sirree! At half-past eight I was up in that tree as well hidden as a tree toad, waiting for the messenger to arrive.

Exactly on time, a half-grown boy rides up the road on a bicycle, locates the pasteboard box at the foot of the fence-post, slips a folded piece of paper into it and pedals away again back toward Summit.

I waited an hour and then concluded the thing was square. I slid down the tree, got the note, slipped along the fence till I struck the woods, and was back at the cave in another half an hour. I opened the note, got near the lantern and read it to Bill. It was written with a pen in a crabbed hand, and the sum and substance of it was this:

Two Desperate Men.

Gentlemen: I received your letter today by post, in regard to the ransom you ask for the return of my son. I think you are a little high in your demands, and I hereby make you a counter-proposition, which I am inclined to believe you will accept. You bring Johnny home and pay me two hundred and fifty dollars in cash, and I agree to take him off your hands. You had better come at night, for the neighbours believe he is lost, and I couldn't be responsible for what they would do to anybody they saw bringing him back. Very respefully,

EBENEZER DORSET.

"Great pirates of Penzance!" says I; "of all the impudent--"

But I glanced at Bill, and hesitated. He had the most appealing look in his eyes I ever saw on the face of a dumb or a talking brute.

"Sam," says he, "what's two hundred and fifty dollars, after all? We've got the money. One more night of this kid will send me to a bed in bedlam. besides being a thorough gentleman, I think Mr. Dorset is a spendthrift for making us such a liberal offer. You ain't going to let the chance go, are you?"

"Tell you the truth, Bill," says I, "this little lamb has somewhat got on my nerves too. We'll take him home, pay the ransom and make our get-away."

We took him home that night. We got him to go by telling him that his father had bought a silver-mounted rifle and a pair of moccasins for him, and we were going to hunt bears the next day.

It was just twelve o'clock when we knocked at Ebenezer's front door. Just at the moment when I should have been abstracting the fifteen hundred dollars from the box under the tree, according to the original proposition, Bill was counting out two hundred and fifty dollars into Dorset's hand.

When the kid found out we were going to leave him at home he started up a howl like a calliope and fastened himself as tight as a leech to Bill's leg. His father peeled him away gradually, like a porous plaster.

"How long can you hold him?" asks Bill.

"I'm not as strong as I used to be." says old Dorset, "but I think I can promise you ten minutes."

"Enough," says Bill. "In ten minutes I shall cross the Central, Southern and Middle Western States, and be legging it trippingly for the Canadian border."

And, as dark as it was, and as fat as Bill was, and as good a runner as I am, he was a good mile and a half out of Summit before I could catch up with him.

Vocabulary

1. apparition: act of becoming visible; a supernatural appearance
2. undeleterious: not harmful
3. philoprogenitiveness: the state of loving one's own offspring
4. diatribe: speech or writing which bitterly denounces something
5. court-plaster: a fabric bandage used for dressing wounds
6. magic-lantern views: slideshows using an early slide projector
7. incontinently: without due restraint; uncontrollably
8. reconnoitre: to perform a reconnaissance; to scout
9. contiguous: adjacent; neighboring
10. somnolent: drowsy or sleepy
11. peremptory: not admitting of question or appeal; absolute; final
12. accede: to agree or assent to a proposal or a view; to give way
13. chawbacons: one who is not intelligent or interested in culture
14. whiskerando: a person with whiskers or a beard
15. surreptitiously: stealthily, furtively, secretly

Sunday, March 17, 2024

The Inner Planets

 The Inner Planets

    The four inner planets are Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars. They are closest to the sun in the solar system. These planets are also called the "rocky planets."
    Mercury is the second-smallest planet. It is the closest one to the sun. Mercury is about the same size as the moon. It is the fastest moving planet.
    Venus is the second planet from the sun. It is the hottest planet in the solar system. Venus looks like Earth. It is about the same size. Venus is called "the morning star" or "the evening star." Venus can easily be seen at dawn or at dusk.
    Earth is the third planet from the sun. It is the fifth-largest planet. It has one moon. Earth is the only known planet on which there is life. Earth rotates on an imaginary, or a pretend, line. This line is called an axis. Earth leans, or tilts, on this axis. The tilting causes different parts of the Earth to face the sun at different times of the day and year. As a result, we have morning, afternoon, and evening in a day as well as four seasons in a year.
    Mars is known as the "red planet." It is the fourth planet in order from the sun and has two moons. It takes 687 days for Mars to orbit the sun. Like Earth, Mars has seasons. Since it takes Mars longer to orbit the sun, its seasons are longer.

Saturday, March 16, 2024

Woven Poetry

 Woven Poetry

    Have you ever seen a tapestry? A tapestry is a heavy cloth that has a design or picture woven into it. Tapestries often are used as wall hangings. They also are used as furniture coverings.

    In creating a tapestry, threads are stretched on a loom. Then colorful threads are woven over and under them. Wool is the most commonly used thread for tapestries. Silk, gold, and silver also have been used.

    The art of tapestry has a long history throughout the world. Tapestries were made in ancient Egypt and China, among other places. In the 1500s, an era of tapestry-making began in northern Europe. Tapestries often were designed and woven in sets of panels. The 1800s saw a revival of the ancient methods and designs in England.

    Artists would design and paint full-scale patterns for weavers. These patterns were called cartoons. Great painters would create cartoons for the designers and weavers. They sometimes created tapestries with images similar to paintings on canvas. By the 1900s, artists such as Pablo Picasso and Henri Matisse were creating designs for weavings.

    Today weavers often design tapestries. Many artists weave them on commission, or by request. People commission tapestries that reflect their interests and tastes. These artworks add warmth to a room. They also lend a special feeling of comfort and beauty. To many people throughout the ages, a tapestry is a kind of woven poetry.

The Solar System Introduction

 The Solar System Introduction

    The solar system is made up of the sun, nine planets, and many moons. All but two of the planets have at least one moon. Asteroids, meteoroids, and comets are part of the solar system, too. The sun is the center of our solar system. Earth orbits around the sun.
    There are nine planets: four inner planets and five outer planets. The inner planets orbit close to the sun. They are called the "rocky planets." They are made up mostly of rock. They have a few or no moons. The five outer planets orbit far from the sun. Most of them are made up of gases. All of the outer planets except one have many moons.
    Asteroids are a part of the solar system. They are made up of rock. Some people call them the "minor planets." Meteoroids are part of the solar system. They are smaller than asteroids, about the size of a pebble. The solar system includes comets. They are made up of gas, ice, and dust. They have long, thin orbits. They warm up as they go around the sun. Comets form heads and tails. Their tails are made of dust and ice. They look like falling stars in the sky.
    The United States sends spacecraft to explore the solar system. There is still much to learn about the sun, the planets, and other objects in our solar system.

Picture This

 Picture This

    Imagine that you are sitting in a darkened room that has a tiny round window, barely the size of a quarter. The window allows some light to enter, perhaps from a moonlit forest, casting an image of trees on the wall opposite the window. This is the basic principle on which a camera operates.

    A camera consists of three main elements that are similar to the parts of a human eye. All cameras contain a device called a shutter. The shutter allows light to enter the camera, just as you use your eyelids to let in or shut out light. Oh some cameras, photographers control the amount of light by altering the length of time the shutter remains open.

    These cameras have a diaphragm, which also controls the amount of light entering the camera. The diaphragm is like the iris of your eye, which expands or contracts to limit the amount of light entering it.

    Light that enters a camera passes through a curved piece of glass or plastic that bends and focuses the light onto the film. This curved piece is called a lens, and unlike the lens of a human eye, it cannot alter its shape. In some cameras, the lens can be moved in and out to focus on an image on the film. The lens is moved inward to focus on distant objects and outward to focus on objects that are close.

    A camera lens causes rays of light to narrow and then create images on film. Because the light bends, the image is upside down. This is similar to the lens of a human eye, which registers an image upside down that is corrected by the brain. In a camera, the image is stored on film and is corrected when the film is developed.

Saturday, March 9, 2024

The Constellations

 The Constellations

    Some stars are in groups. From Earth, they form a pattern. A star pattern is called a constellation. The night sky has about 88 constellations.
    One is the Big Dipper. The Big Dipper is a group of seven stars. These seven stars form a dipper. A dipper is a big spoon. It looks like a gravy ladle. These stars form the handle. Four stars form the cup.
    The Big Dipper is easy to find in the night sky. This is because its stars are very bright. The best time to see the Big Dipper is in the middle of summer. Look in the northern sky. First, find the handle. Then it will be easy to see the cup.
    We can use the Big Dipper to find other things in the sky. The two stars on the front of its cup line up with the Little Dipper. The Little Dipper is smaller than the Big Dipper. Its cup hangs down from its handle. Look for a bright star at the end of the Little Dipper's handle. That is the North Star. When we look at it, we know that we are facing north.

Against the Wind

Against the Wind

    Although Beryl Markham was born in England, she grew up and spent the majority of her life in Africa. She was a famous racehorse trainer when she became enchanted with the thought of flying planes.

    Markham began taking flying lessons, and after only eight hours of lessons, she flew her first solo flight. She went on to earn her pilot's license, which allowed her to carry passengers in her plane. Markham delivered mail and supplies in her plane and flew sick patients to the hospital. She flew thousands of miles over African jungles. A pilot friend called her "a fine pilot with great courage who could find her way in a plane to any spot."

    Markham soon decided to strive for something no woman had yet accomplished--flying solos across the Atlantic from east to west. Amelia Earhart had made a solo flight across the Atlantic from west to east with the wind behind her plane. Markham wanted to fly in the opposite direction with the winds against her, making the crossing lengthier and much more dangerous than Earhart's flight.

    In 1936, Markham took off from England in a plane with no radio. Soon after she left England, however, the wind swept her map out of her hands and into the ocean. She flew "blindly" for 19 hours through darkness and stormy weather.

    At one point, as the weather got worse and lightning flashed, Markham realized that she was flying upside down. She was able to turn the aircraft right side up. Finally, when a fuel line froze, Markham crash-landed in Nova Scotia, Canada. She did not fly all the way from England to America, according to her original plan. However, Markham became the first woman to make a solo nonstop flight from east to west across the Atlantic.

Wednesday, March 6, 2024

A Wise Teacher

 A Wise Teacher

    Centuries ago, in a village in China, there lived a wise teacher named Chung who was famous for his amazing ability to train dogs. All dogs trusted him, and Chung could teach them to do fantastic tricks. One afternoon, Chung took one of his dogs to the town square, where they attracted a crowd. Standing among the people was a boy named Ming, who attentively watched Chung and his dog. As Chung sang a tune and snapped his fingers, the dog danced on its hind legs. Afterward, everyone applauded, and Chung fed his dog a treat and patted him affectionately.
    Ming longed to train dogs as Chung did, so he took home a stray dog named Bo. Then Ming sang a tune, snapped his fingers, and said, "Dance for me, Bo!" However, the dog looked confused! Ming repeated his directions more loudly, and the dog hid behind a tree. Ming continued trying, but got the same result, so after several days, he visited Chung to ask him why his dog was not performing.
    Chung listened carefully and said, "My son, a teacher must be kind, patient, and affectionate. He must reward his student for obeying directions." Ming understood Chung's advice and thanked him. From then on, he was kind, patient, and affectionate to Bo and rewarded him often. Then Ming was rewarded when Bo learned to perform many wonderful tricks!

Why was Chung a wise teacher?

Why was Ming unsuccessful at first?

Some Facts to Chew On

 Some Facts to Chew On

    Did you know that chewing gum has been around for more than 900 years? The ancient Greeks chewed gum made of fresh and New England Native Americans chewed gum made of sap from spruce trees.

    Today, making gum is a huge industry. Gum flavors range from peppermint to hot chili pepper. Most recipes for chewing gum contain some basic ingredients--a gum base, sweeteners, and flavorings. The base gives gum a smooth texture. In earlier times, gum base was made from the sap of a tree found in Mexico and Guatemala. Now, the base is manufactured to keep the costs low.

    The sweeteners usually are sugar and corn syrup. In sugar-free gums, artificial sweeteners replace the sugar and corn syrups. For the mint flavoring alone, huge areas of farmland are used for growing mint plants. Other flavorings are manufactured in a lab.

    Gum makers like to keep recipes secret, but the process is about the same. First, the base is prepared. This step takes the longest. The base is melted in a steam cooker. Then it's pumped through a high-speed machine that cleans out any dirt, bark, and other unwanted items.

    After this, factory workers mix the gum base, sugar, corn syrup, and flavoring such as spearmint, cinnamon, or peppermint. A batch of gum generally is 20 percent base, 63 percent sugar, 16 percent corn syrup, and 1 percent flavoring.

    While the mixture is still warm, workers run it between pairs of rollers coated on both sides with powdered sugar to keep the gum from sticking. The final pair of rollers has knives that cut the gum into sticks. A machine then wraps each stick of gum.

    It's evident that Americans enjoy the results of this process. Each of us chews an average of 300 sticks a year.

Saturday, March 2, 2024

A Question of Time

 A Question of Time

    Jason used to spend Saturday afternoons with his Uncle Robert. His parents both worked in a restaurant downtown, and on Saturdays they were busy all day long.
    Then a few weeks ago, Uncle Robert told Jason that he had become a volunteer at an organization called Second Harvest. This was a place where local restaurants gave away food they didn't use. The volunteers packed up the food, and then they distributed it to people who needed it.
    "You're a big kid now," said Uncle Robert. "You can stay with your cousins on Saturdays. Instead, I will see you on the weekdays."
    "But I want to go to the museum with you, and baseball games, and movies. Why do you have to ruin our Saturdays packing fruit?" Jason whined.
    "Your dad worked on this with the city council. He hates throwing away perfectly edible food. It is a good program, and I want to get involved."
    "My dad set it up?" Jason asked. He was surprised. His parents had not told him anything about it.
    "Yes. Your mom helped, too," said Uncle Robert. "It's a family thing."
    "Well, if it's a family thing, then I should be there," said Jason. "I can spend time with you, be a part of my parents' program, and help people, all at the same time!"

What did Jason like to do with his uncle on Saturdays?

Why did Jason change his mind about the food program?

Safety First, Gold Next

 Safety First, Gold Next

    You say you're going for the gold at the next X Games? What's your specialty--snowboard superpipe, or maybe bicycle dirt jump? You've got the right equipment, a good coach, and the will to win. What else do you need?

    You'll need to practice safety. Athletes in the X Games wear proper protective gear, which usually includes a helmet. Other safety equipment can include mouthpieces to protect teeth in bumps and falls, and protectors for knees, elbows wrists, and shins.

    To impress the judges with daring stunts, it's important to keep any equipment, such as a skateboard or bicycle, in good working order. Equipment should be checked regularly and properly maintained.

    During practice or performance at the X Games, it's important to stay alert and aware. Look out for hazards such as loose gravel or rocks. One little pebble on a bike track can send you flying over your handlebars.

    Warm up properly before you practice or compete, and if you feel pain, don't ignore it. Get medical help right away.

    "Safety has to come first in extreme sports," says Carlos, an action sports athlete. "I always wear a helmet, even when I'm just practicing bicycle stunts. My brain is my most important tool in action sports, and I want to protect it."

    Whether action sports are just a pastime or a ticket to the X Games, safety should come first. Then you can concentrate on nailing that triple twist and winning the gold.

Sunday, February 25, 2024

New Pathways

 New Pathways

    If you cannot get from one place to another, maybe you need a bridge, tunnel, or road. A person trained as a special kind of engineer can help you. Civil engineers design and construct highways, harbors, bridges, and tunnels. These engineers have specialized training in physics and math. Frequently, they are also talented architects.
    Most people think of bridges as structures that cross waterways, but bridges have been built to go across other wide spaces as well. Centuries ago, bridges were usually made of wood and rope. They were built to help people cross deep canyons between mountains. Now bridges are often constructed in large cities. They allow people to cross between buildings and tall skyscrapers.
    Engineers build bridges primarily for cars, trucks, and trains. Sometimes several levels are built, one for cars and trucks and one for trains. Cars and trucks may be routed through different levels, but what about people? They deserve a pathway across a bridge, too. People like to stroll, ride bikes, and even jog across bridges. Many bridges now have designated pathways just for people without automobiles.
    Civil engineers also build tunnels. Recently, a tunnel that connects England and France was built beneath the English Channel. For the first time in history, people can drive their automobiles from the United Kingdom to the mainland of Europe.

What are bridges used for?

Why do bridges need special pathways?

New Products from TVC

 New Products from TVC

    Check out the new products from TVC, your number-one source for fine electronic products for over 50 years. This year we've got some great items for the whole family.

TVC Landmark TVs--Our company offers better ways for you to receive high-quality digital TV broadcasts in your home. You can't get shaper TV signals from any other product on the market. The V-TEK system lets you link up two video sources, such as HDTV receivers and DVD players. Using our system, you can alternate easily between the two sources.

Ad-Free TV--Wouldn't it be pleasant to watch your favorite shows without ads? With our Comfree V10 system, you can watch programs without interruptions from ads.

Digital TV--With TVC digital, it doesn't get any sharper. It comes with first-rate picture and sound features. The experts in home entertainment at TVC have made a TV that is clearly better than any other digital product.

Got Game?--The XG port is the latest in video game TV, delivering great picture detail so that you can enjoy the most popular video games. You won't believe your eyes!

On the Road--Our travel products just get better all the time. The Tripster combination TV and VCR is perfect for family trips. Just plug in the DC adapter, and your passengers can watch their favorite movies while you drive.

    Visit us at fine stores across the country. Come in during March and mention this ad. You'll receive a 10 percent discount on any of our products. TVC means quality, so come see our products.

Saturday, February 17, 2024

The Destruction of Pompeii

The Destruction of Pompeii

    The city of Pompeii was located in southern Italy. It was not far from where the present city of Naples stands. Pompeii was a busy, prosperous city with a population of about 12,000. A few miles to the north, stood Mount Vesuvius, a volcano. However, Mount Vesuvius had not erupted for a long time, so no one realized it was still active.
    Then on August 24, A.D. 79, Vesuvius erupted violently. The eruption totally buried Pompeii and several nearby towns. Huge piles of volcanic ash and debris covered everything! According to records, some people managed to escape. However, many did not.
    For many centuries people forgot that Pompeii had ever existed. Then in 1748, some small discoveries in the area led to the excavation of a temple in Pompeii. That was the beginning of many years of excavation and restoration. Some of that restoration still continues to this day.
    Pompeii is an amazing archaeological site because it has been so well-preserved. The ashes, cinders, and dust that fell during the eruption of Vesuvius kept everything intact. Buildings, works of art, furniture, eating utensils, and even the outlines of bodies can be seen as they were on the day Pompeii was destroyed.

How was the city of Pompeii destroyed?

Why were many things in Pompeii so well-preserved?

The Edible Schoolyard

 The Edible Schoolyard

    What does a certain school in California have that most other schools don't have? King Middle School has a garden. The garden is part of a cooking and gardening program called the Edible Schoolyard. The idea for the program came from Alice Waters. Waters started a restaurant that makes food from fresh ingredients.

    Something delicious is always growing in the garden. Students are learning a different type of ABCs--asparagus, beans, and carrots! They grow fruits, vegetables, and flowers. Teachers and students work together in the program. Parents and local farmers support the program.

    In the garden, students take care of the soil and plants. They harvest the crops. Students can explore and sample new foods directly from the garden. They learn firsthand the ways in which fresh food is healthy for your body. A classroom kitchen is also part of the program. In the kitchen, students prepare and eat healthy dishes made from the food they grow.

    Teachers at the school use the garden and kitchen activities to extend the learning in other subject areas, too. For example, students learn information about plants and the relationships between living things and their environment.

    Both the garden and the program are growing, and word of this program is spreading. Other schools across the country have started their own edible schoolyards.

Friday, February 16, 2024

Crossing the Seas

 Crossing the Seas

    Ships are one of the oldest and most important forms of transportation. Giant tankers carry oil and other liquids. Refrigerator ships carry fresh fruits, meats, and vegetables. People traveled across the ocean on ships before airplanes became widely used. Now people take vacations on cruise ships.
    Throughout history, nations became rich and powerful by taking control of the seas. When they lost that control, they also often lost their power.
    Probably the earliest "ship" was a log that someone used to cross a lake or river. Later people tied logs together to create rafts and discovered how to use trees to make canoes. In places where wood was scarce, people made boats out of animal skins. They sewed the skins into a bag, filled the bag with air, and used the bag as a float.
    By about 3000 B.C., the Egyptians had discovered how to use sails to move boats. They also learned how to make boats out of planks of wood. For the next 5,000 years, shipbuilders focused on building bigger and bigger ships with better sails.
    A big change in shipbuilding came in the 1800s. People began to use steam instead of wind power to move ships. These ships were fueled by coal. Later people began using heavy oil instead of coal. Today people even use nuclear power to move large ships.

what was probably the earliest ship?

According to the article, why was controlling the seas important long ago?

Bicycle Stunt Riding

Bicycle Stunt Riding

    To many people, riding a bicycle is a pleasant pastime. To some, it's serious exercise. And to a brave few, it's a way to impress an audience and win medals and fame.

    The members of this last group compete in a sport known as bicycle stunt riding. The sport made its entry into the X Games a few years ago. In this type of riding, bikers perform airborne tricks and acrobatics. The tricks have names such as the Tail Whip, Can-Can, and Truck Driver. In competition, bikers go through a cycle of four different events.

    In the dirt-jumping event, bikers launch themselves off dirt ramps and perform high-flying tricks in the air. In a flatland performance, a biker performs tricks of balance and strength while rolling along a flat surface. Street stunts consist of jumping over boxes, rails, and pipes. In the vert, a biker performs stunts on and over a halfpipe similar to those in snowboarding and skateboarding.

    The star of bicycle stunt riding is New Yorker Dave Mirra. he has won multiple silver and gold medals at the X Games. In fact, he's won more medals than any other X Games athlete. Mirra has mastered and created stunts that have amazed judges and audiences. He's brought enthusiasm to the sport.

    Someone once asked Mirra if winning medals ever becomes boring. "Winning gold never gets old," he replied. "Winning the X Games is the biggest accomplishment anybody can have right now in this sport."

Saturday, February 10, 2024

Paul Bunyan and the Popcorn Blizzard

 Paul Bunyan and the Popcorn Blizzard

    Everyone knows that Paul Bunyan was a mighty big hero who headed for the West and became a lumberjack. While there, Paul hired hundreds of men to help him clear the forests and create land for farms.
    One spring, when some of the forests had been cleared, the farmers planted corn. When summer came, the sun got hotter and hotter, and the cornstalks grew as tall as trees! As the cornstalks grew, so did the kernels of corn.
    One morning, after the scorching sun rose, it was hotter than ever. When Paul went out, his lumberjacks stood near him because his shadow provided the only shade. While the men were working, they suddenly heard a loud popping sound. All across the fields, the corn kernels were bursting as loud as firecrackers! The popped corn flew through the air and then fell to the ground, forming large piles. Meanwhile, the men who had been sweltering were now shivering because they thought the popcorn was snow! So they ran inside to put on their jackets and caps. Then they made popcorn balls and had popcorn fights!
    Later on, this incident became known as the Popcorn Blizzard. People laughed and marveled how during the "blizzard" everyone forgot about the heat.

Why did the cornstalks grow so big?

What did the men think the popcorn was?

Wednesday, February 7, 2024

Solar Winds Blow Past Earth

 Solar Winds Blow Past Earth

    A few years ago, science experts warned that some people might have trouble with their TV and phone services due to a huge explosion on the sun. Even though that never happened, it is true that explosions on the sun, called solar flares, can affect Earth.

    Solar flares are giant explosions on the sun's surface. They occur in places where the sun's energy is very strong. The flares send brilliant blasts of gas and energy into space. These blasts, called solar wind, blow through the solar system.

    Problems can occur when energy from solar wind reaches Earth. These winds can harm satellites, create power failures, and even cause problems with cell phones.

    luckily, a magnetic field surrounds Earth. This is what causes compass needles to point north. It acts as a strong shield to protect against solar winds. However, sometimes a small amount of energy from a solar wind makes it through Earth's atmosphere. This usually happens near the north or south poles. When this happens, people can see the northern or southern lights. These beautiful lights look like red, and pink clouds in the night sky.

A Difficult Choice

 A Difficult Choice

    Mr. Singer rang the doorbell and Diane went to open the door for her neighbor.
    "Hello, Diane," said Mr. Singer, "I'm here to look at the kittens you're giving away. I saw your ad for free kittens in the local newspaper yesterday."
    "Hi, Mr. Singer, come on in," replied Diane. "Our cat had a litter of five kittens, but we still have two left. So you can have your choice!"
    Diane reached down for the basket containing the two tiny kittens. She gathered up the two adorable animals so that Mr. Singer could get a better look.
    "They're both really cute," said Mr. Singer, as he gently petted their fur. "Tomorrow is my daughter Brenda's birthday, and she's wanted a kitten for such a long time." He looked from one kitten to the other and asked, "How am I going to choose between them when they're both so terrific?"
    Diane smiled, but didn't say a word, as Mr. Singer held first one and then the other in his hand. "I know my daughter could fall in love with either of you," he said aloud to the kittens. "I don't know how I'm going to choose between you!"
    "You know, Mr. Singer," said Diane with a smile, "having two kittens around the house can be twice as much fun as having one."
    Mr. Singer laughed out loud, "Diane, I do believe you're reading my mind!"

Why was Mr. Singer at Diane's house?

What do you think Mr. Singer will do next?

Author Interview

 Author Interview

    Raymond arrived at the local bookstore to interview Franklin MacDonald, his favorite author. Raymond was a writer for his school newspaper, and he had sent Mr. MacDonald an e-mail several weeks earlier to request this interview. When Raymond received a response granting the interview, he was absolutely thrilled!
    Now he was about to interview the author he admired the most. Franklin MacDonald was sitting at a table near a display of his latest bestseller, The Basketball Mystery. Raymond was carrying his own copy of the bestseller with him. As Raymond extended his hand, the author greeted him warmly, and said, "Please call me Franklin." Then Raymond began asking him the questions he had written on index cards: "Where do all your ideas come from? Do you ever worry that you'll run out of ideas?"
    Franklin responded that many of his ideas were taken from events in his own life. He kept an "Ideas" folder, and whenever something occurred to him, he put it in the folder for future use. Raymond liked that and thought he might do the same thing. Time flew by as he continued asking questions, and soon the interview was over. Before saying goodbye, Franklin wrote the following inscription in Raymond's book: "Raymond, I give you the same good advice my favorite author once gave me. Write something every day, even if it's just a line or two. Keep in touch! Franklin."

How did Raymond prepare for the interview?

What was the purpose of Franklin's "Ideas" folder?

The One-Pound Cell Phone

 The One-Pound Cell Phone

    Cell phones seem to be our constant companions these days. Today there are more cell phone subscribers than there are wireline phone subscribers.

    In the world of wireless communication, how did we get from the telegraph to the cell phone? In 1842, Samuel Morse, inventor of the telegraph, had something to prove. He wanted to show that an underwater cable could transmit signals just as well as copper wires on poles. But when a passing ship, pulled up the cable, Morse chose to carry out the experiment without the cable. He sent telegraph signals through the water itself. He was able to achieve this because water conducts electricity.

    This gave inventors ideas, and they began alternating between experiments with wire lines and wireless telegraphs. In 1865, a dentist transmitted telegraphic messages a distance of 18 miles. He used Earth's atmosphere, instead of water, as a conductor of electricity by launching kites enclosed with copper screens. These were linked to the ground with copper wires.

    The basic foundation for wireless communication had been set. Now all that was needed was someone with a vision. That someone was Martin Cooper, who developed the first portable handheld police radios. In 1973, he placed the first wireless telephone call from the streets of New York City.

    It took another ten years to develop the first cell phone for the public, which weighed a pound and cost $3,500! Seven years later, a million people in the United States had cell phones. The system uses many stations with towers, and the service areas are divided into cells. Calls are sent from station to station as the phone user travels.

Sunday, February 4, 2024

Robert Frost

 Robert Frost

    Robert Frost, one of America's most famous poets, was born in San Francisco in 1874. When he was just eleven years old, his father died. So his mother moved with Robert and his sister to Lawrence, Massachusetts, where they lived with their grandparents.
    As a young man, Frost briefly attended college, and then settled down on a farm in New Hampshire with his wife, Elinor. During this period, he lived the life of a country farmer, which he described in many of his poems.
    In 1912, he sold the farm and moved his family to England. It was there that his talents as a poet were at last recognized. He published two collections of poems--A Boy's Will, in 1913, and North of Boston, in 1914. When he returned with his family to America in 1915, he had become a well-known poet.
    During the next part of his life, Frost taught at the university level and continued to publish his poetry. Most of his poems were about country life and nature. Two of his best known poems are "The Road Not Taken" and "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening."
    His beautiful poetry won him many honors, including four Pulitzer Prizes--more than any other poet in history. In 1963, Robert Frost died in Boston at the age of 89.

What other things did Robert Frost do in addition to being a poet?

What are many of Robert Frost's poems about?

Saturday, February 3, 2024

Hair

 Hair

    When you study your image in the mirror, what do you notice first? If you answered "my hair," you're in the majority. Your hair and nails are composed of keratin, a type of protein. The hair roots are beneath the skin in small pockets called follicles. As new hair cells form in the follicles, old ones are forced outward through the surface of the skin.

    In other words, the hair that's visible on the skin's surface of dead cells. The hair on your head grows about a half-inch every month. When a hair ceases to grow, it falls out and is replaced by a new hair.

    Taking care of your hair is important. Use a gentle shampoo, and make sure you rinse it out thoroughly. Try to let your hair dry naturally because blow-dryers and curling irons can be damaging. Research shows that what you put in your body, rather than the expensive products you put on your hair, counts the most. Eating a nutritionally balanced diet is the surest way to have healthy, shiny hair.

Go Fly a Kite

 Go Fly a Kite

    Is flying a kite a pastime that you find extremely enjoyable? Follow these simple, concise instructions to make your own outstanding homemade kite.

Supplies:
    Two wooden dowels (one each at 20 inches and 24 inches), sheet of paper at least 26 inches square or a heavy plastic trash bag, tape or glue, lightweight string or twine, craft knife (for use under adult supervision), pencil, scissors, ribbon, ruler

Instructions:
    Using the craft knife under adult supervision, carve a deep notch in both ends of each dowel. Use the pencil to mark a spot located 10 inches from one end of the shorter dowel. Position the shorter dowel crosswise over the longer dowel, matching up the marks and making certain that all notches are parallel to the ground. Bind the dowels together by wrapping the string tightly several times around the center in an X motion.

    Build the kite frame by twice threading the string tightly through all the notches in a diamond shape. Then pull the string toward the center of the kite, wrap it tightly around both dowels in an X shape, and tie it with a knot.

    Cut the paper or bag slightly larger than the kite frame. Apply tape over the top and bottom tips of the kite, and use a pencil to punch a tiny hole through each tip. Knot one end of a two-foot piece of string through the top hole and the other end through the bottom hole. Attach your flying string to this two-foot piece. To assemble the kite tail, knot a six-foot string to the bottom of the kite and tie pieces of ribbon around the string.

Jane Addams

 Jane Addams

     Jane Addams was born in Cedarville, Illinois on September 6, 1860. Jane was fortunate to be raised in a prosperous family. She and her sister attended college, which was quite unusual at that time. After graduating from college, Jane traveled to Europe. It was there that she became interested in changing social conditions for those who were less fortunate.
    In 1889, Jane and a college classmate started Hull House in Chicago, Illinois. Hull House was a very special kind of neighborhood center for immigrants from every nation. Through Hull House, Jane worked for better housing, parks, and playgrounds. She sought labor laws to protect women and children. She started day nurseries for the children of working parents. She also worked to improve education and healthcare for all people. Through her efforts, Hull House became the most famous settlement house in the United States.
    Jane was one of the leaders in the movement to give women the right to vote. From 1915 to 1929, she was president of the Women's International League for Peace and Freedom. She also wrote more than 400 articles about her ideas and experiences, as well as ten books. Her most well-known book was Twenty Years at Hull House.
    In 1931, Jane Addams became the first American woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize. She died in Chicago on May 21, 1935, but lived to see many of her ideas take hold.

What was Hull House?

What are two things that Jane Addams did to help people?

Friday, February 2, 2024

Picture This

 Picture This

    Imagine that you are sitting in a darkened room that has a tiny round window, barely the size of a quarter. The window allows some light to enter, perhaps from a moonlit forest, casting an image of trees on the wall opposite the window. This is the basic principle on which a camera operates.

    A camera consists of three main elements that are similar to the parts of a human yey. All cameras contain a device called a shutter. The shutter allows light to enter the camera, just as you use your eyelids to let in or shut out light. On some cameras, photographers control the amount of light by altering the length of time the shutter remains open.

    These cameras have a diaphragm, which also controls the amount of light entering the camera. The diaphragm is like the iris of your eye, which expands or contracts to limit the amount of light entering it.

    Light that enters a camera passes through a curved piece of glass or plastic that bends and focuses the light onto the film. This curved piece is called the lens, and unlike the lens of a human eye, it cannot alter its shape. In some cameras, the lens can be moved in and out to focus an image on the film. The lens is moved inward to focus on distant objects and outward to focus on objects that are close.

    A camera lens causes rays of light to narrow and then create images on film. Because the light bends, the image is upside down. This is similar to the lens of a human eye, which registers an image upside down that is corrected by the brain. In a camera, the image is stored on film and is corrected when the film is developed.

Sunday, January 28, 2024

A Secret Dream

 A Secret Dream

    For Annie, the most exciting day of the week was Friday because it was the day the stagecoach came to town. As soon as the stagecoach pulled up, the team of tired horses had to be unharnessed. It was Annie's job to take the horses to the stable, while her father harnessed up a fresh team.
    While all this was taking place, the stagecoach passengers got out and headed toward the hotel to wash up and eat a meal. The people were always covered with dust from the rugged trails on which they had been traveling. Although they were tired and dusty, Annie watched and always admired the women in their long, elegant dresses.
    Annie observed them closely and wondered who they were and where they were going. Often, she liked to create little stories in her mind about these women. Later on, she would write the stories down in her journal. "Perhaps that tall, beautiful woman was on her way to meet her handsome fiance," she thought. "Maybe that girl in the emerald green dress was heading for a fancy boarding school in the city."
    Annie hoped that someday, she, too, would travel in a stagecoach and visit interesting, faraway places. While she traveled, she would write about all the fascinating people she met along the way. Annie hadn't yet shared these thoughts with anyone, and for now, it was her secret dream.


What did Annie do as she observed the women that were traveling?

What was Annie's secret dream?

The Fisherman and the Fish

 The Fisherman and the Fish

    A fisherman sat still on the bank of a sparkling stream one bright afternoon. He had arisen before dawn that morning, eaten a healthy breakfast, packed a good lunch, and set out with his pole and other gear just as the sun was creeping up.

    The fisherman sat in the shade of a tree near the cool water. He already had eaten his lunch and taken a small nap. He might have felt completely content, except that he had not caught a single fish all morning and was starting to grow impatient. "Perhaps another spot downstream would be better," He said to himself.

    Suddenly the fisherman felt a tug on his line, and when he pulled the pole out of the water, he saw that he had caught a rather small fish. Removing the fish from the hook, the fisherman was startled to hear the creature speak.

    "Please let me go," the fish pleaded. "I am much too small for you to eat. If you throw me back into the river, I will soon grow to a size that will satisfy your hunger."

    The fisherman began to imagine a great fat fish heaped on a serving plate in the middle of his table. As the fisherman paused to think about this, the little fish thought that he had persuaded the fisherman to let him go.

    However, when the fisherman returned from his daydream, he looked at the fish and said, "But I have you now, and I may not catch you again." With that, he tossed the fish into his bucket, picked up his pole, and made his way toward home.

Hannah's Story

 Hannah's Story

    Hannah was discouraged. She had an assignment for class to write a story about how she had accomplished a goal, but she could not think of anything to write about no matter how hard she tried.
    "I'd better make a list of ideas," she told herself, jotting down some notes about the time she helped her father reorganize his carpentry tools in the woodshed. Then she started another page and made a chart and diagram showing what her aunt had taught her about growing tulips. But neither of these ideas inspired her.
    "Maybe it would be worthwhile just to try writing down every single word that pops into my head," she thought. She sat at her desk in suspense, waiting for some words to come, but nothing came to her. Suddenly the process of developing an idea seemed completely beyond her.
    Hannah's father gave her some good advice. "Why don't you postpone working on the assignment for a few minutes, take a short walk, and entirely clear your mind," he said.
    Hannah went out and walked around the block. "Writing this story is one goal I just cannot seem to accomplish," she mused. Then something clicked. The ideal topic had been hidden within her imagination the whole time, and she had finally found it. What you are reading is the story Hannah wrote, and I am Hannah.

What were some things that Hannah did to help think of a writing idea?

How did Hannah solve her writing problem?

Natural-Born Drummer

 Natural-Born Drummer

    Travis had a habit of drumming on surfaces with his fingers, with pencils, and even chopsticks. Several times a day, Travis's parents, teachers, and friends commented about his constant drumming.

    Therefore, Travis's parents were astonished that on the day before Travis was to try out for the school band, he was uncertain about which instrument he wanted to play. So Travis and his father went to a local music store to generate some ideas. Travis browsed the selection of rental instruments, picking up a flute and handling the keys, then examining a trombone. On impulse, he chose a saxophone and tried blowing into it. But the sound that emerged was a pitiful honk, like a wounded goose. Then Travis asked to try another instrument--the drums. He had never played drums before, but he'd certainly had plenty of drumming practice.

    The next morning at school, Travis appeared at the doorway of Mr. Blees's classroom for the tryout. Mr. Blees called on Travis and pointed to a drum set in the corner of the room. He listened carefully as Travis experimented with different beats and rhythms on the drums. When Travis had finished, Mr. Blees smiled. "You're a natural-born drummer," he said, "and you've got a spot in the school band."